Located in the modern town of the same name, Tzintzuntzan was the ceremonial center of the pre-Columbian Tarascan state capital. It is known that it was a cosmopolitan place, however, by the documented presence of groups from the Gulf coast or the Central Valleys of Oaxaca. Teotihuacan archaeological excavations continue to this day, and have resulted in a gradual increase in the quality and quantity of knowledge of the city's history even so, such important facts as its original name and the ethnic affiliation of its founders are still unknown. Teotihuacan was listed as a World Heritage Site by Unesco in 1987. By this time, Tollan-Xicocotitlan had become not only the nexus of the Mesoamerican commercial networks, it also hosted a military-theocratic elite who imposed their rule in various parts of Mesoamerica, whether by military conquest or political alliance, or by establishing colonies in strategic places. During this phase the monumental space that constitutes the Tula archaeological zone was consolidated in two pyramidal bases, two courts for the ballgame and several palaces occupied by the Toltec elite. Some authors estimate the urban area of Tollan-Xicocotitlan at the time was between 5 and 16 km 2, with a population of between 16,000 and 55,000 people. Modern archaeological theories speculate that the first dynasty of their rulers was probably of Olmec ethnicity.ĭuring the Tollan phase, the city reached its greatest extent and population. B'akaal rulers claimed that their royal lineage originated in the distant past, some even boasting that their genealogy dated to the creation of the world, which in Mayan mythology was in the year 3114 B.C. Calakmul won two of these wars, in 599 and 611. On more than one occasion it made an alliance with Tikal, the other great Mayan city of the time, to contain the spread of militant Calakmul, also called the "Kingdom of the Serpent". The oldest of the structures that have been discovered were built around the year 600.ī'akaal was an important center of Mayan civilization between the 5th and 9th centuries, during which it formed various, shifting alliances, and fought numerous wars with its enemies. The population of Lakam Ha grew during the Early Classic period (200–600) as it became a full-fledged city during the Late Classic period (600–900) it was made the capital of the B'akaal ('bone') region in Chiapas and Tabasco. – 300 A.D.), predominantly as a farmers' village favored by the numerous springs and streams nearby. The Maya appear to have founded Lakam Ha about 100 B.C., during the Formative period (2500 B.C. By this time, the Zapotec people's political power was divided among various city-states, including Zaachila, Yagul, Lambityeco and Tehuantepec. ![]() However, the ceremonial enclosure that constitutes the complex of the archeological site of Monte Albán was reused by the Mixtec during the Postclassic period. The city was abandoned by the social elite and much of the rest of its population at the end of Phase Xoo. Throughout its history, the city maintained strong ties to other peoples in Mesoamerica, especially with the Teotihuacans during the early Classic period. Like most of the great Mesoamerican cities, Monte Albán was a city with a multi-ethnic population. Covered by a hipped roof shingled with wood, the home’s two large rooms had tabby floors (a mixture of shells, lime, and sand) and large windows without glass."Īfter Spanish and English occupation and destruction, the current house was built during the 1700s.Comalcalco is only Mayan city built of baked brick and stucco. "The original home was a one-story rectangular-shaped stone dwelling with thick coquina walls that were plastered with lime and whitewashed. Augustine, Florida, site of the first permanent European settlement in America. The González–Alvarez House purports to be the city's oldest Spanish colonial home from the 1600s. California and the American Southwest are also home to Pueblo Revival homes that combine Hispanic styling with Native American ideas.įew original Spanish homes from the colonial era remain, but wonderful examples have been preserved or restored in St. Earth, thatch, or red clay tiles covered low, flat roofs. Early explorers from Spain, Mexico, and Latin America built rustic homes out of wood, adobe, crushed shells (coquina), or stone. But likely those picturesque houses are romantic Spanish colonial revivals. The term Spanish Colonial is often used to describe elegant stucco homes with fountains, courtyards, and elaborate carvings.
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